Ecuador has commenced hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, in the Amazon rainforest for the first time, as announced by state-owned oil company Petroecuador. The operations are underway at an oilfield in the northeastern province of Sucumbios, marking what the firm calls "a new horizon" for the nation's oil output. This project is being executed in collaboration with the Chinese company CCDC.
What is Fracking?
Fracking involves extracting oil and gas from underground rock formations by injecting high-pressure fluids. The technique has faced widespread criticism due to its significant water consumption, potential for chemical contamination, and links to minor seismic activity.
Government and Company Stance
Petroecuador stated that the initiative supports Ecuador's efforts to strengthen its energy sector and drive economic development. "The strengthening of oil activities reaffirms the commitment to consolidate an energy matrix that is sustainable, competitive and geared toward national economic development," the company said.
Ecuador relies on hydroelectric power for approximately 70 percent of its electricity. However, the nation has faced persistent energy shortages, including blackouts during drought periods in 2024 and 2025. Currently, the country consumes more energy than it produces.
Oil Production Decline
Oil production has declined in recent years, with output dropping to about 441,000 barrels per day in 2025, most of which is exported. Petroecuador estimates that the new fracking project will initially yield over 930 barrels per day.
The move comes amid intensifying global debate over fossil fuel use and environmental protection, particularly in sensitive regions like the Amazon rainforest. Environmental groups have raised concerns about the potential impact on biodiversity and indigenous communities.
