Professor Advocates IoT Technology to Combat Nigeria's Water Pollution Crisis
A Professor of Environmental Chemistry and Management, Aderonke Okoya, has issued a compelling call for the widespread adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to monitor water quality and combat pollution across Nigeria. Okoya delivered this urgent message during the 415th inaugural lecture at Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) in Ile-Ife, titled 'Managing the secret life of waters for one health: A waste to wealth approach'.
Health and Environmental Impacts of Water Pollution
Okoya highlighted the devastating consequences of water pollution on human health and the environment. She emphasized that untreated urban runoff and industrial wastewater are major contributors to surface water contamination, affecting water sources used for drinking and recreational purposes. She stressed that the use of IoT technologies is crucial, as numerous Nigerians succumb to illnesses from consuming polluted water daily.
Her research demonstrates that an IoT-based approach enables timely and accurate water quality assessments, which is particularly vital in developing nations like Nigeria. Okoya explained that the effects of contaminated water initially impact aquatic life but quickly extend to humans. "Several people die each day due to the consumption of polluted water. Bacteria and other pathogens wash into waterbodies, causing health hazards for humans, animals, and plants," she stated.
Challenges in Waste Management and Pollution
Okoya also addressed the impact of sediment and nutrients in waterways, noting that excess sediment clouds water, hindering sunlight penetration and affecting aquatic plant growth. She underscored that sustainable water use and conservation are essential for ensuring safe and abundant water for future generations.
According to World Bank data, Nigeria ranks as the 10th-largest producer of unmanaged plastic waste globally, accounting for 2.7% of the total, and is projected to become Africa's top generator of such waste by 2050. Okoya pointed out that Nigeria's waste management issues worsen the pollution problem: the country produces approximately 32 million tons of solid waste annually, with only 20 to 30% properly collected and managed. The remainder often ends up in unauthorized dumps or waterbodies, exacerbating pollution and health risks.
Essential Strategies for Improvement
Okoya emphasized that prevention, remediation, and continuous monitoring are all critical components in addressing water pollution. "Improving water quality is not just about environmental conservation; it is about protecting human health, sustaining ecosystems, and building a resilient Nigerian economy," she asserted.
She reiterated that adopting IoT technologies is expedient, as her research confirms their effectiveness in ensuring prompt water quality assessments, especially in developing contexts like Nigeria. This call to action aims to leverage technology for a healthier and more sustainable future.
