University of Cambridge Returns 116 Benin Bronzes to Nigeria After 128 Years
In a landmark move, the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom has officially returned 116 Benin Bronzes to Nigeria, ending a 128-year period of displacement. This historic restitution follows extensive negotiations between Nigerian officials and the British institution, addressing the legacy of colonial-era looting.
Historic Restitution from Colonial Era
The Benin Bronzes were forcibly taken by British forces during the 1897 military incursion into Benin City, Edo State. These treasures, dating back to the 13th century, have long been symbols of cultural heritage and colonial injustice. The return is part of a broader effort by European institutions to repatriate artifacts acquired under dubious circumstances during colonial times.
Professor Nicholas Thomas of Cambridge emphasized that this action aligns with ongoing initiatives to restore objects taken during the colonial period. He stated, "The return is part of a larger effort to give back objects taken during colonial times," highlighting the university's commitment to ethical stewardship.
Management and Significance of the Return
After some delays due to disagreements over management, it has been decided that Nigeria's National Commission for Museums and Monuments will oversee the bronzes on behalf of the Oba of Benin. This arrangement ensures that the artifacts are preserved and managed within their cultural context, restoring pride and dignity to the nation.
Director General Olugbile Holloway of the National Commission for Museums and Monuments remarked, "Returning the Bronzes also restores pride and dignity to Nigeria," underscoring the emotional and cultural impact of this restitution.
Broader Context of Repatriation Efforts
This return by the University of Cambridge follows similar actions by other British institutions. In 2021, Jesus College became the first British institution to repatriate a Benin Bronze cockerel, setting a precedent for others. Additionally, London's Horniman Museum recently announced plans to return dozens of looted artifacts, including 12 Benin Bronzes, to Nigeria.
Germany has also taken significant steps, signing an agreement to return hundreds of Benin bronzes. Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock and Culture Minister Claudia Roth described this as a historic agreement, with the first artworks already handed over to Nigerian representatives.
Details of the Return and Future Plans
Of the 116 bronzes returned, most will be sent to Nigeria soon, while seventeen will remain in Cambridge's museum on loan. This loan arrangement allows for continued academic and cultural exchange while acknowledging Nigeria's ownership.
The collection includes brass plaques, ceremonial objects, and everyday items, such as a key to the king's palace, all of which hold immense historical and cultural value. Their return marks a critical step in rectifying past injustices and fostering international cooperation in cultural heritage management.
