The World Health Organization (WHO) has released a new report stating that up to 45% of dementia cases globally could be prevented or delayed by tackling 14 modifiable risk factors. The report updates previous estimates that suggested 40% of cases were preventable.
Key Risk Factors Identified
The WHO report, published on Wednesday, identifies 14 risk factors that contribute to the development of dementia. These include less education in early life, hearing loss, hypertension, obesity, smoking, depression, physical inactivity, diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption, traumatic brain injury, air pollution, and social isolation. Newly added risk factors are untreated vision loss and high LDL cholesterol.
According to the WHO, addressing these factors could significantly reduce the incidence of dementia worldwide. The report emphasizes that interventions are most effective when started early, as the risk factors accumulate over a lifetime.
Global Impact and Statistics
Dementia currently affects an estimated 55 million people globally, with nearly 10 million new cases each year. The WHO projects that the number of people living with dementia will rise to 78 million by 2030 and 139 million by 2050, driven by aging populations. The economic cost of dementia is estimated at $1.3 trillion annually.
“Dementia is a major cause of disability and dependency among older people worldwide,” said Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “This new report shows that we have a significant opportunity to reduce the risk of dementia by addressing these modifiable factors. It’s never too early or too late to take action.”
Prevention Strategies
The WHO recommends several strategies to mitigate dementia risk, including promoting physical activity, reducing tobacco and alcohol use, managing hypertension and diabetes, and improving access to hearing aids and vision correction. The report also highlights the importance of lifelong learning and social engagement.
“Prevention is key, but we also need to improve diagnosis, care, and support for those living with dementia,” added Dr. Tedros. “Governments, health systems, and communities all have a role to play in implementing these recommendations.”
Reactions from Experts
Dr. Maria Carrillo, chief science officer of the Alzheimer’s Association, welcomed the report, stating, “This updated analysis reinforces the message that we can reduce dementia risk through targeted public health interventions. It’s crucial that we invest in research and policies that address these risk factors, especially in low- and middle-income countries where the burden is greatest.”
The report comes ahead of the World Dementia Council meeting next month, where global leaders will discuss strategies to implement the WHO’s recommendations.
