Leaders from the world's top economies united in South Africa to endorse a significant declaration at the G20 summit, addressing pressing global issues from critical mineral access to climate change measures. The event, held under the theme "Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability," marked the first G20 summit to take place on African soil, though it was notably boycotted by the United States.
Securing Critical Minerals for a Green Future
The G20 leaders committed to protecting the global value chain for critical minerals from potential disruptions. These disruptions could stem from geopolitical tensions, unilateral trade measures inconsistent with WTO rules, pandemics, or natural disasters. With many industrialized nations racing to secure these resources, the declaration highlighted that critical minerals, abundant in Africa, are essential for the global transition to green energy, powering everything from mobile phones to solar panels and electric vehicles.
The document also expressed concern over the concentration of mineral supply chains and supported increased exploration in developing countries. The goal is to ensure these resources become a driver for local development and value-addition, moving beyond the model of raw material exports.
Tackling Global Conflicts and Economic Inequality
On the front of international peace, the declaration called for a "just, comprehensive, and lasting peace" in several conflict zones, including Ukraine, Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Occupied Palestinian Territory. It urged all nations to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of states, in line with the UN Charter.
South Africa placed a strong emphasis on combating inequality. The declaration underscored the imperative to address wealth and development disparities both within and between countries. This included calls for reforming international financial systems to assist low-income nations burdened by debt, which hinders investment in crucial areas like infrastructure, healthcare, and education.
Scaling Up Climate Finance and Energy Access
Endorsed as the COP30 climate talks concluded, the G20 declaration recognized the urgent need to scale up climate finance "from billions to trillions" globally. It highlighted the stark inequalities in energy access, particularly across Africa, and advocated for increased and de-risked investments in sustainable energy transitions.
Furthermore, leaders pledged to promote the development of early warning systems for communities most vulnerable to climate-linked disasters. However, the final text did not include a commitment to phase out fossil fuels, a point of contention in global climate negotiations.
