Nigeria proudly displays numerous national symbols that represent the country's rich heritage, values, and aspirations. These emblems serve as powerful reminders of national identity and unity, each carrying profound significance for every Nigerian citizen.
What Are Nigeria's National Symbols?
National symbols are official emblems, signs, or objects that represent a nation's identity, history, and core values. For Nigeria, these symbols embody the spirit of federal integration and colonial independence, creating visual and verbal representations that unite the diverse population.
The Complete List of 11 Nigerian National Symbols
1. The National Anthem
Arise O' Compatriots stands as Nigeria's current national anthem, adopted in 1978 to replace the former Nigeria, We Hail Thee. The lyrics emerged from a nationwide competition that selected the five best entries, while Benedict Odiase, the then-director of the Nigerian Police Band, composed the music. This stirring anthem calls upon all Nigerians to serve their motherland with dedication and faith.
2. The Nigerian Flag
Designed in 1959 by Michael Taiwo Akinkunmi, then a student at Norwood Technical College in London, the Nigerian flag features two green stripes representing the country's natural wealth, separated by a white band symbolizing peace and unity. Since independence in 1960, this flag has flown proudly over government buildings, embassies, and international organizations, with its position at half-mast reserved for periods of national mourning or solidarity with friendly nations experiencing tragedy.
3. The Nigerian Coat of Arms
Often described as Nigeria's official logo, the coat of arms presents a powerful black shield with a white wavy band representing the confluence of the Niger and Benue Rivers. The black shield itself signifies the country's fertile soil and abundant mineral resources. An eagle perched atop the shield symbolizes strength and pride, while two supporting horses represent dignity. The base features the Costus spectabilis flower, accompanied by the national motto: Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress.
4. The Nigerian Pledge
Professor Felicia Adebola drafted this oath of allegiance in September 1976, with General Olusegun Obasanjo subsequently decreeing its daily recitation in schools. The pledge commits Nigerians to faithfulness, loyalty, and honesty while pledging to serve the country with all their strength, defend its unity, and uphold its honor and glory.
5. The Nigerian Naira
As Nigeria's official legal tender, the Naira serves as both currency and national symbol. Issued by the Central Bank in denominations ranging from ₦5 to ₦1000, these banknotes feature images of national heroes and depictions of Nigeria's diverse tribes and cultures, with the ₦50 note being the most commonly circulated.
6. The Nigerian Armed Forces
Comprising the Army, Navy, and Air Force, Nigeria's military represents national unity through its mandate to defend the country's territorial integrity. Beyond national defense, these forces actively participate in international peacekeeping missions, showcasing Nigeria's commitment to global stability.
7. The National Flower
The Costus spectabilis, one of Africa's most abundant wildflowers, holds the distinction of being Nigeria's national symbol. Interestingly, while the official flower is yellow, the coat of arms depicts a red variety. With over 100 varieties existing, this flower represents the nation's natural beauty.
8. The Seal of the Nigerian President
First used by President Shehu Shagari in 1979, this official presidential symbol features the national coat of arms surrounded by the inscription Seal of the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Though abandoned during military regimes between 1983 and 1999, it was reinstated with the Fourth Republic and remains in use today.
9. The National Arts Theatre
Located in Iganmu, Surulere, Lagos, this distinctive building shaped like a military hat serves as Nigeria's primary performing arts venue. Constructed in 1976 for the Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC) in 1977, the theatre boasts a 5,000-seat main hall with collapsible staging and two cinema halls equipped for simultaneous translation in eight languages.
10. The National Animal
The eagle, depicted on both the coat of arms and presidential seal, represents Nigeria's national animal. Though not abundantly found within the country, this majestic bird symbolizes strength, pride, and visionary leadership.
11. The Nigerian President
As both head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, the sitting president serves as a living national symbol. Elected by popular vote every five years, the president's portrait typically appears in public offices nationwide, with Bola Ahmed Tinubu currently holding this esteemed position.
Frequently Asked Questions About Nigerian Symbols
What is Nigeria's most important national symbol?
While all symbols hold significance, the Nigerian flag arguably stands as the most important due to its widespread recognition and use both domestically and internationally.
How many national symbols does Nigeria have?
Nigeria officially recognizes eleven national symbols, including the anthem, flag, coat of arms, pledge, currency, armed forces, national flower, presidential seal, National Arts Theatre, national animal, and the president.
What does the black shield represent in the coat of arms?
The black shield symbolizes Nigeria's rich, fertile soil, acknowledging agriculture's fundamental role in the nation's economy and sustenance for centuries.
Does Nigeria have a national tree?
Unlike many nations, Nigeria has not designated an official national tree among its symbols.
What is Nigeria's national bird?
The black crowned crane serves as Nigeria's national bird, widely regarded as a symbol of peace throughout the country.
These national symbols collectively represent Nigeria's journey, values, and aspirations, serving as constant reminders of the unity and pride that bind the nation's diverse population together. Understanding their meanings fosters greater patriotism and appreciation for Nigeria's rich cultural heritage.
